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Image Search Results
Journal: Infection and Immunity
Article Title: N , N -Dimethyldithiocarbamate Elicits Pneumococcal Hypersensitivity to Copper and Macrophage-Mediated Clearance
doi: 10.1128/iai.00597-21
Figure Lengend Snippet: DMDC’s bactericidal activity requires constant exposure and is temperature dependent. (A) Killing curve of WT TIGR4 S. pneumoniae starting with an inoculum of 3.0 × 10 6 CFU/mL in M17 medium supplemented with the indicated concentrations of copper and/or DMDC for 30 min before bacteria were pelleted and resuspended in fresh M17 medium without supplementation. The killing effect of 500 μM Cu 2+ plus 32 μM DMDC is sustained, as the bacteria show evidence of static CFU counts over the next two time points, while the other conditions show recovery of growth between the 60-min and 120-min time points. (B) Killing curve of WT TIGR4 S. pneumoniae in M17 medium performed at 4°C. Starting with an inoculum of 4.4 × 10 6 CFU/mL in M17 medium supplemented with the indicated concentrations of copper and/or DMDC, the killing effect of 500 μM Cu 2+ plus 32 μM DMDC is ablated as there is no statistically significant difference of CFU counts between the untreated and combined conditions at the 240-min time point. All bars for killing curves represent means ± standard deviations (SD) ( n = 9 across 3 independent replicates). Statistical differences were measured by Student’s t test (ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001).
Article Snippet:
Techniques: Activity Assay, Bacteria
Journal: Infection and Immunity
Article Title: N , N -Dimethyldithiocarbamate Elicits Pneumococcal Hypersensitivity to Copper and Macrophage-Mediated Clearance
doi: 10.1128/iai.00597-21
Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanisms utilized by the macrophage phagolysosome synergize with DMDC’s copper-dependent toxicity. (A) Growth curve of WT TIGR4 S. pneumoniae in M17 medium supplemented with the indicated concentrations of zinc and/or DMDC, demonstrating a significant growth defect for the combination of 500 μM Zn 2+ plus 32 μM DMDC. (B) Killing curve assay of WT TIGR4 starting with an inoculum of 1 × 10 7 CFU/mL in M17 medium supplemented with a titration of combinations of zinc with or without DMDC, showing that the 500 μM Zn 2+ plus 32 μM DMDC condition is bacteriostatic, with no statistically significant difference in CFU per milliliter for the two compared conditions. (C) Killing curve assay of WT TIGR4 starting with an inoculum of 4.0 × 10 6 CFU/mL. S. pneumoniae was incubated in M17 medium supplemented with combinations of copper, DMDC, and hydrogen peroxide. Utilizing a smaller amount of copper (250 μM, compared to 500 μM used in previous figures), a smaller amount of DMDC (16 μM, compared to 32 μM utilized in previous figures), and a moderate amount of hydrogen peroxide (5 mM), to which S. pneumoniae TIGR4 is resistant, the combination of 5 mM H 2 O 2 plus 250 μM Cu 2+ and 16 μM DMDC displayed robust killing at the 60-min time point that extended to the 120-min time point. (D) Killing curve assay of WT TIGR4 starting with an inoculum of 6.0 × 10 6 CFU/mL. S. pneumoniae was incubated in M17 medium supplemented with combinations of copper, DMDC, and DPTA NONOate, a nitric oxide-donating compound. The combination of 40 μM DPTA NONOate plus 250 μM Cu 2+ and 16 μM DMDC displayed statistically significant killing at the 60- and 120-min time points. (E) Capsule blot of WT TIGR4 treated with the indicated concentrations of copper and DMDC, showing a decrease in capsule under the combination treatment condition. All bars for killing curves represent means ± SD ( n = 9 across 3 independent replicates). Statistical differences were measured by Student’s t test (ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001). The capsule blot is representative of results from 3 independent replicates.
Article Snippet:
Techniques: Titration, Incubation